The story's protagonist is Lovecraft’s recurring alter ego, Randolph Carter, now a man in his forties and burdened by years of disillusionment. In his youth, Carter had access to other realms through dreams of “strange and ancient cities beyond space, and lovely, unbelievable garden lands across ethereal seas." Alas, adulthood robbed him of that power. Now, “custom had dinned into his ears a superstitious reverence for that which tangibly and physically exists, and had made him secretly ashamed to dwell in visions.”
The crisis presented in "The Silver Key" is not merely fictional. Lovecraft was himself approaching 40 when he wrote the story. The 1920s had been a difficult decade for him. His marriage had collapsed, his brief sojourn in New York had ended in unhappiness and homesickness, and he had returned, somewhat defeated, to his beloved Providence. He had always found himself at odds with the modern world, disliking its commercialism and crudity, but the pace of change at that time seemed to him to have quickened. Lovecraft longed ever more for an idealized past, both personal and cultural, as a means to escape his dreary present. In “The Silver Key,” he gives poetic form to that longing.
What ultimately restores Carter’s access to the dream realms is the discovery of a literal silver key, hidden in the attic of his home. The key is a relic of youth, tied to his earliest experiences of fantasy. Using it, Carter is able to travel not merely through space or even into dreams, but into his own past. He once again becomes his younger self, at the age of ten, standing before a mysterious cave in the wooded hills outside of Arkham. The story ends with the suggestion that Carter has vanished from the adult world entirely, returning to his own youth, thereby regaining his ability to dream once more.
There is little action in “The Silver Key.” Much of the story is instead given over to philosophical reflection and autobiographical lament. It can thus be challenging reading for those expecting the grotesque thrills of Lovecraft's more well-known and celebrated tales. However, for those already familiar with his life and mind, "The Silver Key" may perhaps be his most revealing story. He wrote it not merely as fiction, but as a statement of belief:
“They had changed him down to things that are, and had then explained the workings of those things till mystery had gone out of the world. When he complained, and longed to escape into twilight realms where magic is moulded all the little vivid fragments and prized associations of his mind into vistas of breathless expectancy and unquenchable delight, they turned him instead toward the new-found prodigies of science, bidding him to find wonder in the atom's vortex and mystery in the sky's dimensions. And when he failed to find these boons in things whose laws are known and measurable, they told him he lacked imagination, and was immature because he preferred dream-illusions to the illusions of our physical creation.”
The longing for hidden marvels, for the “twilight realms” just beyond the veil of waking life runs through all of Lovecraft’s fiction, but rarely had he expressed it so directly or so wistfully. “The Silver Key” is not about terror, but about the creeping desolation of rationality untempered by wonder.
When I was younger, I didn't hold this particular story in very high esteem. However, as I trudge toward old age, I judge it much more favorably. I suspect that those attuned to the imaginative currents that run between early fantasy fiction and tabletop roleplaying games will likewise find that “The Silver Key” offers a potent metaphor. It is the story of a character who finds that the rules of the real world no longer satisfy him. So, he uses an inherited tool (a “key,” in the broadest sense) to reenter a realm where those rules don’t apply. It is a dream-quest, but one that begins not with a map or a monster, but with memory and imagination.
Great review. Glad to see the return of Pulp Fantasy Library.
ReplyDeleteYou wrote, "When I was younger, I didn't hold this particular story in very high esteem. However, as I trudge toward old age, I judge it much more favorably."
This happens to me all the time. You said Lovecraft was pushing 40 when he wrote this. I think it's worth reading (or re-reading) a favorite author's work when you reach the age they were when they wrote it. It usually unlocks more of the story for you.
It works both ways for me: some things I reread now I notice more flaws in the writing and use of language. But I remember reading “The King of Elfland’s Daughter” on a plane and realizing a short way in that I had actually read it before as a kid, when it apparently made little impact. As an older adult, it was a very different experience.
Delete“The Silver Key” likewise made no impression when I read it as a kid and I am not sure I even finished the story. I will have to return to it.
The book "As If," by Michael Saler explores this topic further and features Lovecraft's works. It's academic tone might be off-putting, at first, but I am enjoying this book as much as I did Jon Peterson's works.
ReplyDelete"The illusions of our physical creation" Hm. I know these are words in a story, but it seems Lovecraft might be putting his own thoughts into it. I wonder if Lovecraft thought that the physical creation is an illusion. I am pretty sure he thought that human values and aspirations are meaningless, but did he think everything is an illusion? Anyone know?
ReplyDeleteI don't think HPL meant "illusion" literally in this case, only in the sense that everything in the waking world is ultimately just as meaningless as dreams.
DeleteThat makes sense.
DeleteThe Silver Key takes place about two decades after the Statement of Randolph Carter (even though they were published six years apart, "The Statement" takes place in Carter's life as a college student, whereas The Silver Key's Carter is contemporary to HPL). In it Carter is still deeply affected by the horrific loss of his mentor decades prior, and though the event is unspoken, the nostalgic theme of the Silver Key seems to pine for the days of Carter's initial love affair with the occult Dream-world...before it had a body count.
ReplyDeleteIn a sense, Carter in the Silver Key has attained his name level, and begins to establish the architecture of his stronghold, but the shadow of his 1st level foray into the Dungeon, underequipped and outgunned, is long.
Dragon had some fascinating correspondence regarding the pastiche of Lovecraft, and how the approach to Lovecraft canon can take on many forms:
https://2warpstoneptune.com/2014/10/21/the-lovecraftian-mythos-in-dungeons-dragons-from-the-dragon-12-february-1978/
I've actually written several upcoming posts about the Dragon articles you reference here.
DeleteMordenkainan had the Silver Key of Portals, which itself had been "abandoned" by the forgotten Chaotic Good god Dalt, for him to find. I think Gygax picked that up when Rob Kuntz was DMing. Kuntz, playing Robilar, was the first known PC to survive the Tomb of Horrors. I can't imagine that Mordenkainan's Silver Key of Portals was not in some way influenced by the Lovecraft story.
ReplyDeleteThe Silver Key was the first HPL story I ever read: the gateway story to tracking them all down. It’s good to see someone cover it like this.
ReplyDeleteI am also happy to see the return of the Pulp Fantasy Library. But have you considered an equivalent for the literature inspiring Traveller and other early SF games (e.g., Metamorphosis Alpha)?
ReplyDeleteWhile I am quite familiar with H. Beam Piper's work and have read some of Poul Anderson's SF, I have never read his Dominic Flandry novels, nor Vance's Demon Prince series, nor E. C. Tubbs' Dumarest saga. I imagine other readers of yours are in a similar position. The Dumarest saga is big enough that I wonder which book would serve as a good sample.
E.C. Tubb and H. Beam Piper are really the only major direct influences on Traveller that I can think of, and it is those author's least "pulpy" fiction, as well as (despite protestations of the authors) "hard" SF like Space: 1999 television shows that really do the trick. I mean, obviously Asimov's harder space travelling, Clarke's exploratory stuff, etc. are in the atmosphere of the game, but I'd argue that Traveller is very close to "anti-pulp" if there could be such a thing. It is far more "Little Fuzzy" than it is "Chewbacca and Buck Rodgers team up to fight Ming the Merciless on an acid trip."
ReplyDeleteMetamorphosis Alpha, on the other hand, is virtually The Expedition to the Barrier Peaks but moreso. The players are supposed to think (at least at first) that they are in a fully natural environment, an open world...not a derelict post-mini-apocalyptic megaship in decay. That one is literally "Cavemen and mutants team up to fight a wizard's magical automaton (that is really just an evil mechanized robot). So, Pulp Fantasy.
I suspect you’re replying to my post. I wasn’t suggesting Traveller is pulpy, simply that there might be interest in James’ coverage of SF that influenced some of the early RPGs, especially since he has indicated in the past that he favors SF over fantasy.
DeleteAnd, yes, MA is totally gonzo. But I didn’t want to suggest restricting only to literature that directly inspired Traveller.